Guides

Start from the problem

Each guide answers the question a buyer has before they know which product category it belongs to. The answer is in the first fifty words; the model or calculator it is built on is the next step, not the entry.

Electrical

3 guides
  • Modular Is Not Cheaper: A 50 MW Prefab Electrical Room, Line by Line

    A prefabricated electrical room for a 50 MW datacenter is not cheaper: Open Factory's Datacenter MEP Cost Table lands the skid route at $3.51M per MW against $3.47M stick-built, 1% more, but 27 weeks faster at 95 weeks from power-block PO to energization against 122, as of August 2026.

  • The 2 MW Plant Service Upgrade Nobody Budgets Right

    A 400-person plant adding 2 MW of service pays $400k to $1.2M for the items the switchgear quote omits, and with the utility-owned pad-mount at 52 to 104 weeks the crane lands in week 74. Open Factory's Large-Load Cost Table shows the sequencing that pulls energization forward by 20 weeks.

  • When a Megapack Beats a Static UPS

    A 24 MW, 48 MWh block of twelve Tesla Megapack 2 XL units costs about $14.4 million installed at January 2026 prices, $10.1 million after the 30% storage credit, against about $17.5 million for the N+1 static UPS in a 20 MW hall, per Open Factory's Datacenter MEP Cost Table.

Power

3 guides
  • A Factory Owner's Guide to the PJM Capacity Charge

    PJM's RTO capacity clearing price rose from $28.92 to $329.17 per MW-day in two auctions, so a 5 MW plant in Met-Ed territory pays about $568,000 for capacity in the delivery year starting June 1, 2026 against about $50,000 in 2024, per Open Factory's PJM Capacity Charge Estimator.

  • Recips vs Turbines vs Fuel Cells for a 100 MW Bridge

    A 100 MW bridge plant over five years costs $96 per MWh on solid oxide fuel cells, $104 on gas reciprocating engines and $112 on aeroderivative gas turbines at 85% utilization and $3.78/MMBtu, with first power in 17, 27 and 30 months, per Open Factory's MEP Cost Table in 2026.

  • The 30% Fuel-Cell ITC Is the Last Federal Subsidy for On-Site Power

    Since July 4, 2025, the 30% federal investment credit survives only for fuel cells among gas-fired on-site power, with wind and solar needing construction by July 4, 2026 and gas CHP getting nothing, and Open Factory's math turns a 2.5-year payback at $210/MWh in California into 1.7 years.

Cooling

3 guides
  • Dry Cooler or Cooling Tower: What the Water Bill Says in 15 Markets

    A thousand gallons of water and sewer costs $24.80 in Douglas County, Georgia and $8.68 in Baton Rouge as of October 2026, and since a 50 MW open cooling tower needs about 300 million gallons a year, Open Factory's MEP Cost Table puts the gap at $3.6 million a year.

  • OFCI vs Design-Build: How Hyperscalers Buy Chillers and Colo Developers Do Not

    Owner-furnished, contractor-installed chillers and CDUs for a 20 MW liquid-cooled hall cost $27.9 million against $32.8 million through the mechanical subcontract, a saving of $4.9 million or 14.9%, because OFCI strips a 15% subcontractor markup and 10% GC fee, per Open Factory's Datacenter MEP Cost Table as of June 2026.

  • Compressed Air Is 10% of Your Factory's Power Bill

    Compressed air takes about 10% of a typical plant's electricity by DOE's count, and a 200 hp rotary screw compressor running 6,000 hours a year at the 2025 US industrial rate of 8.62 cents per kWh costs about $70,000 a year. Open Factory finds a leak program worth $83,000.

Machinery

3 guides
  • A Robot Costs $61k. The Cell Costs $150k

    North American buyers paid $61,198 per robot arm in 2025, but a working cell costs 1.9 to 2.4 times that, $113,336 to $144,432 for three common cobot cells priced line by line in Open Factory's Bid-Tab Price Book as of September 2026.

  • What a Haas VF-2 Really Costs in 2026

    A new Haas VF-2 lists at $70,995, which is 35% of the roughly $172,523 net ten-year bill for a one-shift job shop once maintenance, one spindle, power, coolant and cutting tools are added, per Open Factory's Bid-Tab Price Book worked example as of September 2026.

  • MES Is a Consulting Product

    The Bureau of Engraving and Printing has paid $110.1 million for MES support services since May 2021 against $4.64 million of Oracle licences in FY2025, about five dollars of consulting per dollar of software, the pattern Open Factory found across 44 public MES and SCADA awards as of October 2025.

Procurement

6 guides
  • The Recommended Spares List Is Where the Margin Hides

    On public awards Open Factory can read, the spares line is 0.8% of a transformer award, 2% of a genset and 20% of a breaker buy, and the City of Ocala paid $40,197.50 per ABB R-Mag breaker in November 2023 and $44,499.75 in November 2025 with no second quote.

  • Liquidated Damages at 0.5% a Week: Why Caps Sit at the Vendor's Margin

    Liquidated damages in public transformer, switchgear and genset contracts run about 0.5% of price a week, capped at 5%, so as of July 2026 a week of delay on a 50 MW datacenter hall costs about $2.7 million against $74,000 of LDs, per Open Factory's Large-Load Cost Table.

  • How to Write an RFQ for Capital Equipment in 2026

    An equipment RFQ in 2026 has to settle escalators, LDs, milestones and tariff refunds: the City of Ocala agreed $8,070,340 for two 105 MVA autotransformers in August 2023 and approved $9,170,340 for the same units on April 28, 2026, a $1.1 million PPI escalator, per Open Factory's Bid-Tab Price Book.

  • Reading a Switchgear Quote: The Eleven Line Items That Hide the Schedule

    A medium-voltage switchgear quote has eleven line items and four of them move the delivery date more than the price. Riverside Public Utilities paid $2,561,551.88 for one 15 kV metal-clad lineup in June 2024 and it was still in the factory eighteen months later, per Open Factory's Bid-Tab Price Book.

  • Grainger vs McMaster vs Amazon Business: A 50-SKU Price Basket

    Open Factory priced the same 50 MRO items at six distributors on 10 September 2026: Fastenal's median web price was 126% above the cheapest storefront, McMaster-Carr's was 37% above, and Amazon Business was the floor, cheapest on 34 of 48 SKUs with a comparison.

  • Quote Check: What Your Switchgear Quote Should Have Said

    Open Factory's Quote Check tool places a switchgear quote against public awards: Riverside Public Utilities paid $2,254,387.50 for a 15 kV metal-clad lineup in May 2025, 52% above the $1,481,321 median of 12 public awards dated December 2016 to May 2025 in the Public Bid-Tab Price Book.